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St. Stephen's Church and Cemetery
This is where the Midgley and Raistrick relatives were buried.
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Richard Oastler was undisputed
leader of the Ten-Hour Movement aimed at improving the conditions of
millworkers, and he was a staunch campaigner against the cruelties of the
factory system.
The son of a
clothing merchant, Oastler was 31 when he was appointed steward to Thomas
Thornhill's estate near Huddersfield in 1820. A less likely candidate for a
reforming radical it is hard to imagine - he was a dedicated Tory, against
parliamentary reform and trades unions, a paternalist who believed the upper
classes had a duty to protect the weak.
Still, he felt
strongly about the exploitation of children in factories, and a chance meeting
with Bradford worsted manufacturer John Wood in 1830 pointed the way forward.
"John Wood turned towards me," he wrote later, "and reaching out
his hand in the most impressive manner, pressed my hand in his and said: 'I
have had no sleep tonight. I have been reading the Bible and in every page I
have read my own condemnation. I cannot allow you to leave me without a pledge
that you will use all your influence in trying to remove from our factory
system the cruelties which are practiced in our mills.'
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Richard Oastler is buried in the south east corner
of the St. Stephen's Church |
I promised I
would do all I could. I felt that we were each of us in the presence of the
Highest and I know that that vow was recorded in heaven."
The same month,
Oastler wrote on the subject to the Leeds Mercury. Radical MP John Hobhouse
read his letter and was prompted to introduce a child labor bill in the Commons
which would have banned all factory work for children under nine, and limited
those between nine and 18 to 12 hours a day, 66 hours a week.
Unfortunately,
Parliament was dissolved before the bill could be passed, and when it was
reintroduced in 1831 Hobhouse had agreed to changes: As passed, the bill
applied only to cotton factories and there were no provisions for its
enforcement.
Oastler and the
short-time committees that were now forming in industrial towns were irate. The
man they called the Factory King continued the battle as leader of what was now
known as the 10-Hour Movement and by 1836 he was urging workers to use strikes
and sabotage. This proved his downfall.
His employer,
Thornhill, hearing of his speeches, sacked him as his steward and called in
unpaid debts. Oastler was unable to pay up and was jailed for debt in December
1840. It took his friends more than three years to raise the cash and release
him from the Fleet Prison.
Oastler went
straight back to his campaign and achieved some sort of success when the 1847
Factory Act restricted children to a 10-hour day in cotton mills. But it was
not until six years after his death in 1861 that the act was widened to
encompass children working in all factories.